Sau los ntawm Alison Cohen Lub Xya Hli 24, 2020; tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Danielle Nygren Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 2023.
Ua ib tug kws lij choj tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum cai rau cov menyuam yaus, ib lo lus nug uas kuv hnov ntau zaus yog, "Puas tuaj yeem nug ib tug menyuam yaus yam tsis muaj niam txiv nyob ntawd?"
Muaj ob lub koom haum uas yuav nug koj tus menyuam txog kev koom tes hauv kev ua txhaum cai:
- tub ceev xwm
- tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm
Cia peb saib txhua tus.
Cov lus teb luv luv yog "yog." Tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam yam tsis tau ceeb toom koj. Koj tus menyuam tsis muaj txoj cai lij choj kom muaj niam txiv tuaj koom thaum raug tub ceev xwm nug.
Yog lawm, cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam txog kev coj ua txhaum cai yam tsis tau ceeb toom koj. Vim tias feem ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj tub ceev xwm nyob tas li (“Cov Tub Ceev Xwm Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv”), cov menyuam yaus feem ntau raug nug los ntawm ob lub koom haum ua ntej niam txiv tau ceeb toom.
Cov lus teb yog nyob ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev saib xyuas.
Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis nyob hauv kev saib xyuas.
Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis nyob hauv kev saib xyuas, tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug lawv dawb yam tsis tau qhia lawv txog lawv txoj cai lij choj raws li Miranda thiab tsis muaj tus kws lij choj tuaj.
Yog koj tus menyuam nyob hauv tub ceev xwm saib xyuas.
Raws li Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2021, California Senate Bill 203 nthuav dav cov peev txheej ntawm Welfare thiab Institutions Code tshooj 625.6. Ua ntej lub Ib Hlis 1stXyoo 2021, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos lossis qis dua raug kaw hauv tub ceev xwm saib xyuas tsis tuaj yeem raug nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm mus txog thaum lawv tau sab laj nrog kws lij choj. Txoj cai hloov kho tam sim no siv txoj cai rau txhua tus menyuam hnub nyoog 17 lossis qis dua.
Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug kaw thiab qis dua 18 xyoo, lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug tub ceev xwm nug kom txog thaum lawv sab laj nrog kws lij choj ntawm tus kheej, hauv xov tooj, lossis hauv kev sib tham hauv video. Qhov kev sab laj no tsis tuaj yeem zam los ntawm tus menyuam yaus. Muaj ib qho kev zam uas tso cai rau tub ceev xwm nug cov lus nug uas lawv ntseeg tau tias tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lub neej lossis khoom ntiag tug los ntawm kev hem thawj uas yuav tshwm sim, tab sis tus tub ceev xwm cov lus nug yuav tsum txwv rau qhov tsim nyog kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawd. Kev ua tsis tau raws li txoj cai no yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thaum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav lees txais tus menyuam cov lus hais los ua pov thawj ntawm kev mus sib hais plaub, thiab lub tsev hais plaub yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua txhaum txoj cai lij choj no thaum ntsuas seb tus tub ceev xwm puas yog ib tus neeg pov thawj ntseeg tau ntawm kev sim siab.
Cov lus teb luv luv yog "Tsis yog." Cov menyuam yaus tsis tas yuav tham nrog tub ceev xwm. Lawv tuaj yeem tsis kam teb cov lus nug. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam nug kom muaj ib tug kws lij choj tuaj, ces tub ceev xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob nug.
Tsis yog. Nws yuav luag tsis muaj lub tswv yim zoo. Koj yuav tsum qhia koj cov menyuam kom nug txog tus kws lij choj. Yog lawv thov nrog tus kws lij choj tham, tub ceev xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob nug lawv.
Nco ntsoov, yog tub ceev xwm twb muaj qhov ua rau ntseeg tau tias koj tus menyuam tau ua txhaum cai, ces koj tus menyuam yuav raug ntes, txawm lawv hais tawm lossis tsis ua. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev rau koj tus menyuam tham lawv txoj kev tawm ntawm kev raug ntes. Ib qho kev sim ua li ntawd yuav ua rau tub ceev xwm tau txais cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam koj tus menyuam, txawm tias lawv tsis muaj txim. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tus kws lij choj txoj kev xav ntawm rooj plaub ntawm theem no, thiab sim, hais, muab ib qho alibi tsuas yog ua pov thawj tias tus menyuam nyob ze txaus kom tau mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev ua txhaum cai thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau menyuam yaus, lossis lwm tus, kom tsis txhob muaj tub ceev xwm nug yog kom meej meej: “Kuv yuav nyob twj ywm. Kuv xav mus ntsib ib tug kws lij choj.” Kev nug niam txiv tsis txaus kom txwv tsis pub tub ceev xwm nug cov lus nug ntxiv. Koj tus menyuam yuav tsum nug kom mus ntsib kws lij choj kom tsis txhob raug tub ceev xwm nug. CEEB TOOM: Ib daim ntawv thov rau tus kws lij choj tsis tiv thaiv tub ceev xwm los ntawm kev ntes tus menyuam yaus yog tias lawv muaj feem ua rau ntseeg tias tus menyuam yaus ua txhaum cai.
Vim tias cov menyuam yaus tsis tshua xav tias lawv tuaj yeem hais tsis tau rau cov tub ceev xwm, lawv feem ntau muab cov lus dawb rau tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas seb tus menyuam cov lus puas raug coj los raug cai. Cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws suav nrog cov lus hais rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum muaj tub ceev xwm tam sim no. Vim tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis raug txwv los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb txog kev cai lij choj, lawv tuaj yeem nug cov menyuam yaus dawb. Yog tias lawv cov lus nug raug nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm, kev sib cav tuaj yeem ua tau 5th Cov kev txwv hloov pauv siv tau thiab tus menyuam cov lus yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov pov thawj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog tus kws lij choj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus kom sai li sai tau. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov koj tus menyuam txog lawv txoj cai nyob twj ywm thiab txhawb kom lawv nug tus kws lij choj ua ntej teb cov lus nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm.
Do tsis hu rau tub ceev xwm kom piav qhia koj tus menyuam cov lus. Tsis muaj ib yam uas koj hais yuav ntxias tub ceev xwm tso lawv mus, thiab koj tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv tub ceev xwm uas lawv tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam koj tus menyuam.
Do tsis nrog koj tus menyuam tham kom ntxaws txog qhov lawv tau nug txog dab tsi. Koj qhov kev sib txuas lus nrog koj tus menyuam tsis muaj cai. Koj tuaj yeem xaus rau qhov raug foob los ntawm kev foob los ua pov thawj rau koj tus menyuam, thiab yog tias koj tsis teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov chaw sawv cev, koj tuaj yeem raug kaw hauv tsev hais plaub, yog li raug foob rau koj tus kheej.
Txog tam sim no, qhov chaw tshaj plaws rau tub ceev xwm nug txog cov menyuam yaus yog nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Kev nug hauv tsev kawm tuaj yeem ntxias tus menyuam xav tias lawv tsis muaj teeb meem tiag tiag.
Koj lub tsev yog lwm qhov chaw uas tub ceev xwm yuav sim nug koj tus menyuam.
Tsis tau tub ceev xwm nug tuaj yeem tshwm sim ze li ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem coj koj tus menyuam mus rau qhov chaw tub ceev xwm thiab nug lawv nyob ntawd. Lawv tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam hauv lub tsev menyuam yaus. Tus tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem hu rau koj tus menyuam thiab nug lawv hauv xov tooj.
Tub ceev xwm txawm siv xov tooj hu xov tooj rau qee lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib deev lossis kev tsim txom hauv tsev, lawv yuav muaj ib tus menyuam hu rau lwm tus menyuam, tau tus menyuam thawj zaug los sim tshaj tawm cov lus, thiab siv cov cuab yeej kaw suab los ntes tag nrho.
Nyob ntawm koj tus neeg zov. Tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug tus menyuam nyob qhov twg. Peb tau pom lawv ua nws ntawm txoj kev cov ces kaum thiab tom khw. Xyuas kom koj tus menyuam nkag siab tias lawv tuaj yeem thov rau kws lij choj yog tias tub ceev xwm xav nug lawv. Nug ib tug kws lij choj yuav tso tseg txoj kev nug.
Thaum ib tug me nyuam tseem tsis tau raug kaw, tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug lawv yam tsis tau ceeb toom lawv tias lawv muaj cai.
Thaum tus menyuam raug kaw, tub ceev xwm tsis tuaj yeem nug tus menyuam kom txog thaum tus menyuam tau sab laj nrog tus kws lij choj uas tuaj yeem piav qhia lawv txoj cai rau lawv.
Raws li California lub xeev txoj cai lij choj, cov hluas tej zaum yuav tsis zam txoj cai rau tus kws lij choj thiab yuav tsum tham nrog ib tug kws lij choj ua ntej raug nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm thaum lawv raug kaw.
Tu siab, tub ceev xwm ntsib qhov tshwm sim tsawg heev rau qhov tsis quav ntsej tus me nyuam txoj cai rau tus kws lij choj, thiab qee zaum lawv tsiv mus tom ntej nrog kev nug yam tsis tau muab ib qho. Tus menyuam cov lus teb tseem tuaj yeem lees txais hauv tsev hais plaub.
Tsis muaj dab tsi! Raws li ib tug me nyuam yaus, tsis kam teb cov lus nug yuav luag tsis ua mob rau koj lossis koj tus menyuam.
Yog tias tub ceev xwm yuav raug ntes ua ntej cov menyuam yaus pib teb cov lus nug, lawv yuav luag yuav raug ntes tom qab cov lus nug no tau teb. Lawv twb muaj qhov ua rau raug ntes. Tsis muaj ib yam uas koj hais yuav tso tseg.
Yog tias tub ceev xwm tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, lawv tab tom mus ncig ua si nuv ntses, thiab tib yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv raug ntes tau raug muab cov lus teb rau lawv cov lus nug.
Cov tub ceev xwm tej zaum yuav chim siab los yog ua phem rau tus me nyuam uas qw nrov nrov, tab sis txawm tias ib tug me nyuam muaj cai tsis kam teb. Qhia koj cov me nyuam kom hais tias: "Kuv hwm kuv txoj cai nyob twj ywm thiab yuav tsis teb cov lus nug yam tsis muaj kws lij choj," thaum twg tub ceev xwm nug lawv cov lus nug.
Yog lawm. Txawm tias menyuam yaus muaj cai nyob twj ywm hauv Asmeskas. Txoj cai no muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Kev Hloov Kho Thib Tsib ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj thiab tsis muaj hnub nyoog txwv.
Muaj peb txoj cai tseem ceeb uas tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam txoj cai.
1. 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution, tseem hu ua koj tus menyuam txoj cai Miranda lossis txoj cai tiv thaiv tus kheej.
2. SB 203, ib txoj cai lij choj hauv xeev uas hais tias tub ceev xwm yuav tsis nug cov menyuam uas tsis muaj ib tus kws lij choj tuaj rau thaum tus menyuam raug kaw, thiab cov menyuam yuav tsis zam txoj cai no.
3. Welfare & Institutions Code 625.7 txwv tsis pub tub ceev xwm siv kev hem, kev dag ntxias, thiab kev xav txog kev xav nrog cov menyuam yaus hauv kev saib xyuas.
Hmoov tsis zoo, ib txoj cai tseem ceeb kuj ua rau koj tus menyuam txoj cai tsis zoo. Txoj Cai 8 yog ib txoj cai lij choj hauv xeev uas tso cai rau lub tsev hais plaub tuaj yeem hnov cov pov thawj uas tsis tau txais los ntawm txoj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog nyob ntawm tus kws txiav txim plaub txiav txim siab seb lawv puas yuav tso cai rau tus menyuam cov lus los siv rau hauv kev sim siab. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tus menyuam tuav txoj cai nyob twj ywm, thiab lawv txoj cai rau tus kws lij choj.
"Kuv xav tham nrog kws lij choj ua ntej kuv teb cov lus nug."
Feem ntau, koj tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tub ceev xwm thaum lawv tso lawv txoj haujlwm.
Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm koj txoj kev mus pab txhawb lawv tshawb nrhiav.
Piv txwv li, yog tias tub ceev xwm tsis muaj ntawv tso cai ces koj tuaj yeem tsis kam tso cai rau lawv hauv koj lub tsev. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem yuam kom koj tso koj tus menyuam tus lej xov tooj, thiab. Khaws koj tus menyuam hauv tsev thaum koj paub tias muaj teeb meem thiab hu rau tus kws lij choj tam sim ntawd yog ob txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam kom ntev li ntev tau.
Cov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm los ntawm peb qhov kev coj ua
14-xyoo-laus nug ntawm nws lub tsev los ntawm tub ceev xwm
Ib tug 14-xyoo-laus raug liam tias kov cov ntxhais tsis tsim nyog. Tus tub ceev xwm tau ntsib tus menyuam yaus hauv nws lub tsev thiab qhia rau tus menyuam yaus tias nws tsis raug ntes. Cov menyuam yaus lees txim. Cov lus ntawd tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam tus menyuam yaus thaum mus sib hais vim tus menyuam yaus tsis nyob hauv kev saib xyuas thaum tus tub ceev xwm nug nws.
15-xyoo-laus nug los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv
Ib tug muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos raug foob vim nqa riam phom mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm tau rub tus menyuam yaus mus rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm nug. Tus menyuam yaus hais rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tias nws nqa phom tuaj rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tuaj yeem qhia lawv qhov chaw nyob. Ib tug tub ceev xwm teb thiab nrog cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus rau qhov chaw phom nyob. Tub ceev xwm nug tus menyuam yaus ntxiv thaum lawv tshawb nrhiav phom. Thaum tus menyuam yaus tau hais meej meej txog qhov twg nws tau muab rab phom, tus tub ceev xwm nyeem nws nws txoj cai Miranda. Hauv qhov no, cov lus hais los ntawm cov menyuam yaus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam nws, tab sis muaj kev sib cav zoo uas cov lus hais rau tus tub ceev xwm tsis tuaj yeem. Txawm hais tias tus menyuam yaus tsis raug raug ntes thaum tus tub ceev xwm nug nws, nws qhia meej tias nws tsis muaj kev ywj pheej tawm, yog li kev nug yuav raug txiav txim siab saib xyuas. Kev soj ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus menyuam hnub nyoog 15 xyoos yog qhov txhaum cai thiab lub tsev hais plaub yuav tsum tsis suav nrog cov lus hais los ntawm tus menyuam yaus raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawd. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb no yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm pej xeem kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb rau txoj cai lij choj tiv thaiv kev soj ntsuam xyuas. Tub ceev xwm raug tso cai nug cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem. Ntawm no, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom thauj khoom ntawm lossis ze ntawm tsev kawm ntawv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau pej xeem kev nyab xeeb. Tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug yuav pom tau tias nws raug cai rau tus tub ceev xwm nug tus menyuam yaus txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm rab phom, tab sis tsis yog hais txog lwm yam ntawm kev ua txhaum cai.
13-xyoo-laus nug los ntawm tub ceev xwm hauv tsev thaum raug kaw
Ib tug 13-xyoo-laus raug liam tias roj teeb, uas yog kev siv dag zog yuam rau lwm tus. Ib tug tub ceev xwm mus rau tus menyuam yaus lub tsev nug nws. Thaum tus tub ceev xwm nkag mus hauv tsev, tus menyuam yaus ntshai heev thiab sim khiav mus rau hauv txoj kev. Tus tub ceev xwm lub cev txwv tsis pub nws tawm hauv chav thiab kom nws zaum. Tus tub ceev xwm nyeem tus menyuam yaus nws txoj cai Miranda thiab tom qab ntawd nug tus menyuam yaus. Tus tub ceev xwm tsis tau ntes tus menyuam yaus lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov lus hais los ntawm tus menyuam yaus hauv qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tsis txhob raug lees paub thaum mus sib hais. Dab tsi pib thaum tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm tus menyuam yaus lub tsev tau raug saib xyuas thaum tus tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv tus menyuam yaus tawm hauv chav. Nws tsis raug cai los nug tus menyuam hnub nyoog 13 xyoos uas raug kaw yog tias lawv tsis tau tham nrog kws lij choj ua ntej.
Ob tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam yam tsis muaj koj nyob ntawd
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ob tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam uas tsis raug saib xyuas sab nraud ntawm koj qhov chaw nyob. Lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tsis txhob nug vim tias koj tus menyuam hais lus nrog niam txiv. Cov menyuam yaus tsis tas yuav teb cov lus nug, tab sis tsuas yog qhov kev thov kom meej los ntawm tus menyuam tham nrog kws lij choj yuav tsum txwv tsis pub tub ceev xwm nug. Tub ceev xwm tsis tuaj yeem nug tus menyuam uas raug kaw kom txog thaum tus menyuam ntawd tau sab laj nrog kws lij choj.
Cohen Defense Group nyob ntawm no los pab
Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug foob tias ua txhaum cai, ib tug kws lij choj rau cov menyuam yaus zoo tuaj yeem pab zam kev rau txim mus sij hawm ntev thiab cov xwm txheej kev saib xyuas uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho tsev neeg. Hu rau hnub no kom tham nrog ib tug kws lij choj uas muaj kev paub dhau los.
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Kuv tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos raug foob ob qhov kev ua txhaum cai. Kuv tau ua tsab ntawv thov kom tus kws txiav txim txiav txim txo cov nqi rau kev ua txhaum cai thiab tus txiav txim tau pom zoo. Kev ntsuam xyuas puas siab puas ntsws ntawm kuv tus neeg siv tau qhia tias nws tseem hluas dhau los nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem. Kuv muab tso rau lub rooj sib hais thiab tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug txiav txim plaub ntug.
